Thoracic or chest surgery relates to the treatment or surgery of all organs in the chest, except heart. This includes all surgeries of lungs i.e tuberculosis, cancers, all surgeries of rib cage i.e birth defects and deformed ribs, surgeries of the airways i.e narrowing of Trachea after ventilator support, surgeries for diseases of food pipes and stomach i.e cancers of esophagus and stomach. This also includes surgeries for cancers of throat and thyroid.